{"id":2797,"date":"2026-04-07T00:15:47","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T17:15:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/taichinhphowall.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/07\/hop-tac-cong-tu-va-rui-ro-dark-patterns-bai-hoc-dat-gia-cho-niem-tin-thi-truong-chung-so-hoa\/"},"modified":"2026-04-07T00:15:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T17:15:47","slug":"hop-tac-cong-tu-va-rui-ro-dark-patterns-bai-hoc-dat-gia-cho-niem-tin-thi-truong-chung-so-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taichinhphowall.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/07\/hop-tac-cong-tu-va-rui-ro-dark-patterns-bai-hoc-dat-gia-cho-niem-tin-thi-truong-chung-so-hoa\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c C\u00f4ng-T\u01b0 v\u00e0 R\u1ee7i Ro ‘Dark Patterns’: B\u00e0i H\u1ecdc \u0110\u1eaft Gi\u00e1 Cho Ni\u1ec1m Tin Th\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chung S\u1ed1 H\u00f3a"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\"tin<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Emilia Rybak, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh vi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1eeb New York \u0111\u1ebfn Florida, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c “m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1i” (dark patterns) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a MyMove v\u00e0 D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 B\u01b0u ch\u00ednh Hoa K\u1ef3 (USPS) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kinh doanh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung<\/a>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Rybak ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd b\u1ea7u c\u1eed khi \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 qua trang web Movers Guide c\u1ee7a USPS. Sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed x\u00e1c minh danh t\u00ednh 1.25 USD, c\u00f4 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee5c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u1eed tri. Tuy nhi\u00ean, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn trang \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, Rybak b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trang web m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a MyMove \u2013 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a USPS \u2013 n\u01a1i c\u00f4 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i xem h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn “ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c” hay “nh\u1eadn \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i” \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trang qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o kh\u00e1c cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 internet, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m nh\u00e0, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 pizza, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd b\u1ea7u c\u1eed. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Rybak ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c email t\u1eeb MyMove y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4 in bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu v\u00e0 g\u1eedi th\u01b0 tay \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 “kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n” v\u1ec1 “dark patterns” \u2013 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00fang h\u00e0nh vi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o n\u00fat, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng-t\u01b0 n\u00e0y, ra \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ef1u Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Al Gore ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, nay \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t “c\u00e1i b\u1eaby” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn. MyMove v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty m\u1eb9 Red Ventures n\u1eafm gi\u1eef h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi USPS, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t xu t\u1eeb ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho MyMove \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e0 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, v\u00e0 MyMove chia s\u1ebb l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u1edbi USPS.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh. N\u0103m 2023, MyMove v\u00e0 Red Ventures \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 2.75 tri\u1ec7u USD \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t USPS b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i sai chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 doanh thu. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia nh\u01b0 Lior Strahilevitz, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chicago, ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng “dark patterns” c\u1ee7a MyMove c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 4 l\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Li\u00ean bang (FTC) c\u0169ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 MyMove ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

USPS cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd x\u1eed l\u00fd 24 tri\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i MyMove. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn “m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi trang web MyMove” v\u00e0 \u0111ang “t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi MyMove \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.” Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, MyMove kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd “th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng” v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c email h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u1eed tri, “\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn tham gia c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i khuy\u1ebfn m\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e0 hay kh\u00f4ng.”<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi Brett Matthews v\u00e0 Virginia Salazar v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, Targeted Marketing Solutions (nay l\u00e0 MyMove) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Pitney Bowes mua l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 230 tri\u1ec7u USD n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Red Ventures mua l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi 310 tri\u1ec7u USD n\u0103m 2015, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a MyMove cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c h\u00fat kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 “t\u1ed1i” trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 danh ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi “dark patterns” \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kinh doanh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, FTC \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn 2.5 t\u1ef7 USD v\u1edbi Amazon v\u00ec c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 245 tri\u1ec7u USD v\u1edbi Epic Games v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng “dark patterns” \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y g\u1eedi \u0111i m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: h\u00e0nh vi thao t\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, d\u00f9 sinh l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c MyMove kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro ri\u00eang l\u1ebb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i chu\u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung. N\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a r\u1ee7i ro qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng. Ni\u1ec1m tin l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 gi\u00e1, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ni\u1ec1m tin th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c “dark patterns” kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp: Ph\u1ed1 Wall (Theo ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c)<\/i>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Emilia Rybak, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh vi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1eeb New York \u0111\u1ebfn Florida, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c “m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1i” (dark patterns) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2794,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thi-truong-chung-khoan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/taichinhphowall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/taichinhphowall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/taichinhphowall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taichinhphowall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taichinhphowall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2797"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/taichinhphowall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2797\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taichinhphowall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/taichinhphowall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taichinhphowall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2797"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taichinhphowall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}